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Page 1 .
depict means to represent or show something in a picture or story
mosaics means a pattern or picture made using many small pieces of coloured stone or glass, or the activity or method of making these
meandering means to walk slowly without any clear direction
evocative means making you remember or imagine something pleasant
chimeras means a hope or dream that is extremely unlikely ever to come true
lithe means young, healthy, attractive, and able to move and bend smoothly
controversial means causing disagreement or discussion
apse means an area with curved walls at the end of a building, usually at the the east end of a church
prescient means knowing or suggesting correctly what will happen in the future
[emanate] means to come out of or be produced by something or someone
[exposition] means a clear and full explanation of an idea or theory
Page 2.
substrate means a substance or surface that an organism grows and lives on and is supported by
chronicles means to make a record or give details of something
precursors means something that happened or existed before another thing, especially if it either developed into it or had an influence on it
synthesized means to produce a substance by a chemical reaction in plants or animals
optimistically means in a way that shows that you hope or believe that good things will happen in the future
tinkering means the activity of making small changes to something
scribbled means to write or draw something quickly or carelessly
subvert means to try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system
speculated means to guess possible answers to a question when you do not have enough information to be certain
reagents means a substance that acts on another in a chemical reaction
invoked means to request help from someone, especially a god, when you want to improve a situation
[forays] means a short period of time being involved in an activity that is different from and outside the range of a usual set of activities
Page 3.
exploited means to use something in a way that helps you
insulin means a hormone in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood
feat means something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, courage, etc. to achieve it
soared means to rise very quickly to a high level
collaborator means a person who works together with others for a special purpose
democratized means to make countries or organizations use democratic ways of making decisions
spectacular means very exciting to look at
diabetes means a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood
vague means not clearly expressed, known, described, or decided
[debuts] means to perform or be introduced to the public for the first time
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hitherto means until now or until a particular time
articulate means able to express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly, or showing this quality
deride means to laugh at someone or something in a way that shows you think they are stupid or of no value
apprehension means worry about the future, or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen
plausible means seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed
fatuity means something foolish or stupid
advent means the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving
cited means to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened
cease means to stop something
manifesto means a written statement of the beliefs, aims, and policies of an organization, especially a political party
calamitous means causing great damage or suffering
impetus means a force that encourages a particular action or makes it more energetic or effective
hereditary means (of characteristics or diseases) passed from the genes of a parent to a child, or (of titles and positions in society) passed from parent to a child as a right
ushered means to show someone where they should go, or to make someone go where you want them to go
[compelling] means if a reason, argument, etc. is compelling, it makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong.
