Writing Skills

A step-by-step guideline

Step 0 - Understand the Prompt

Read the prompt carefully and make sure you understand and underline the requirements and expectations of the task. 

Identify the key instructions and the specific focus of the topic.

Step 1 - Brainstorm Ideas

Brainstorm Ideas: Spend some time brainstorming ideas related to the topic. Consider different perspectives, arguments, examples, and evidence that you can use to support your points. Make a list or create a mind map to organize your thoughts.

The 5W1H method involves using the questions of What, Who, When, Where, Why, and How to thoroughly cover details from multiple angles.

What is the main argument or claim being made?

What evidence or examples are provided to support the argument?

What counter arguments or opposing viewpoints are addressed?

What reasoning or logic is used to strengthen the argument?

What potential implications or consequences are discussed?

What alternative solutions or perspectives are considered?

What conclusions or recommendations are drawn from the argument?

What broader implications or relevance does the argument have in a larger context?

Who are the key stakeholders or parties involved in the issue?

Who is affected by the argument or topic?

Who are the experts or authorities in the field?

Who holds opposing viewpoints or disagrees with the argument?

Who has the power or influence to implement potential solutions?

Who has a vested interest in the outcome of the argument?

Who is the intended audience for the argument?

Who has conducted relevant research or studies on the topic?

Who has the responsibility to address the issue at hand?

When did the issue or problem arise?

When did the debate or controversy surrounding the topic begin?

When is the argument or viewpoint most relevant or applicable?

When have similar arguments or discussions occurred in the past?

When is the proposed solution or action necessary or timely?

When will the consequences or impacts of the argument be felt?

When should the proposed changes or reforms be implemented?

When is the deadline or timeline for addressing the issue?

Where is the issue or problem most prevalent or prominent?

Where does the argument or topic have the greatest impact?

Where have similar debates or controversies taken place?

Where are the key sources of evidence or data located?

Where are the proposed solutions or actions being implemented?

Where are the potential consequences or outcomes most likely to occur?

Where should the responsibility for addressing the issue lie?

Where does the argument fit within the broader societal or global context?

Why is the issue or problem significant or worth addressing?

Why do certain individuals or groups hold a particular viewpoint?

Why should the audience care about the argument or topic?

Why is the proposed solution or action necessary or effective?

Why do opposing viewpoints exist and what are their underlying reasons?

Why have previous attempts to address the issue been unsuccessful?

Why does the argument align with or contradict existing policies or norms?

Why might the argument have long-term implications or consequences?

How does the evidence support the argument or claim?

How can the proposed solution or action be implemented effectively?

How do opposing viewpoints address or refute the argument?

How does the argument align with existing laws or regulations?

How can potential challenges or obstacles be overcome?

How does the argument appeal to or persuade the audience?

How might the argument impact different stakeholders or parties?

How does the argument contribute to broader societal or global trends?

How can the argument be further strengthened or supported?

Step 2 - Plan your Structure

-Create an outline for your essay. 

-Decide on the main points you want to cover (consider to use the points you brainstormed from 5W1H)
What order in which you will present them. 

-A discursive essay will have an introduction, several body paragraphs presenting different arguments, and a conclusion.

 

Topic sentences:

-Running a marathon improves physical fitness and endurance.

-Completing a marathon boosts self-confidence and provides a sense of accomplishment.

-Training for a marathon helps develop mental strength and resilience.

-Participating in a marathon allows you to set and achieve personal goals.

-Running releases endorphins, reducing stress and improving mood.

-Marathons provide opportunities to connect with a supportive running community.

-Joining a marathon lets you explore new places and experience different cultures.

-Running a marathon can contribute to charitable causes through fundraising efforts.

-Training for a marathon improves discipline and time management skills.

-Running a marathon can inspire others to lead a healthy and active lifestyle.

Step 3 - Body of your essay

Introduction: Start with an attention-grabbing opening sentence or a thought-provoking question related to the topic. Provide some background information and clearly state your main thesis or argument.

Body Paragraphs: Dedicate each body paragraph to a specific argument or point of view. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea. Present your arguments and provide supporting evidence or examples. Make sure to address counter-arguments and refute them if necessary.

Use Connectives: Use appropriate connectives (e.g., furthermore, on the other hand, however) to establish logical connections between your ideas and create smooth transitions between paragraphs.

Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs and restate your thesis or argument. Provide a final thought or suggestion related to the topic. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.

Step 4 - Proofread and Edit

Take time to proofread your essay for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that your sentences are clear and concise. Check the overall coherence and flow of your writing.

 

By following this step-by-step outline, you can effectively start your discursive writing and create a well-structured and coherent essay.

Step-by-step guideline:

The development of this essay fits the structure of introduction, body paragraphs, use of connectives, and conclusion.

the topic sentence serves as a captivating opener that immediately draws the reader’s attention. It begins by stating that the writer has recently participated in the Hong Kong Marathon for the first time and describes it as a transformative experience. The writer expresses their intention to share their enthusiasm and inspire other young people to join the upcoming marathon through a blog post. 

 

The positive tone is evident, highlighting the writer’s genuine excitement and the impact the marathon had on their life. This introduction sets the stage for the subsequent body paragraphs, which will delve into the various reasons why other young people should consider participating in the marathon.

“Running my first Hong Kong Marathon was a transformative experience that has left an indelible mark on my life, compelling me to share my enthusiasm and inspire other young people to join the upcoming marathon.”

The body paragraphs 

present a series of topic sentences that support the main idea of encouraging young people to participate in the next Hong Kong Marathon. Each topic sentence focuses on a different aspect of the marathon experience, highlighting its positive attributes and benefits.


1st paragraph:

The first body paragraph emphasizes the transformative nature of participating in the marathon. It suggests that young people have the opportunity to challenge themselves physically and mentally, and through this experience, they can discover their own inner strength and resilience.

 

“The Hong Kong Marathon offers an exhilarating opportunity for young people to push their limits, both physically and mentally, and discover the strength and resilience they never knew they possessed.”

 

2nd paragraph:

The second body paragraph emphasizes the sense of community and camaraderie that the marathon fosters. It emphasizes the idea that running alongside fellow participants creates a supportive and encouraging environment where everyone can motivate and uplift each other throughout the race.

 

“Participating in the marathon provides a sense of belonging and camaraderie among fellow runners, as we embark on this challenging journey together, encouraging and supporting each other every step of the way.”

 

3rd paragraph:

The third body paragraph highlights the potential for the marathon to inspire a healthier lifestyle. It explains that the demanding training and preparation required for the marathon can instill discipline, perseverance, and a commitment to overall well-being, encouraging young people to adopt healthier habits.


“Through the Hong Kong Marathon, young people can embrace a healthier lifestyle, as the rigorous training and preparation instill discipline, perseverance, and a commitment to overall well-being.”

 

4th paragraph:

The fourth body paragraph introduces the idea that the Hong Kong Marathon extends beyond personal achievements. It highlights the opportunity to engage in charity fundraising efforts, suggesting that participants can contribute to meaningful causes and make a positive impact on the community while pursuing their passion for running.

 

“Beyond personal achievements, the Hong Kong Marathon serves as a platform to contribute to meaningful causes, as participants can engage in charity fundraising efforts, making a positive impact on the community while pursuing their passion for running.”



 

Throughout the essay, connectives like “however,” “with the promotion of,” “true,” “instead,” and “also” are used to establish logical connections between ideas and create coherence between paragraphs.

The conclusion 

effectively wraps up the essay by summarizing the main points and reinforcing the call to action. It reiterates the writer’s strong endorsement of the Hong Kong Marathon and their desire to encourage other young individuals to participate in the event.

 

The topic sentence of the conclusion emphasizes that the writer’s own experience has inspired them to wholeheartedly advocate for others to join the marathon. It reflects the writer’s passion and conviction in the positive impact the marathon can have on participants.

 

The conclusion also highlights the broader significance of the marathon, emphasizing that it goes beyond personal achievements. It mentions the sense of community, personal growth, and the opportunity to contribute to meaningful causes through charity fundraising.

 

Example:
“Inspired by my own experience, I wholeheartedly encourage other young individuals to take part in the next Hong Kong Marathon, as it promises not only personal growth and accomplishment but also the chance to be part of a vibrant and united community of runners striving for excellence and making a difference.”

 

Overall, the essay follows a well-structured format, effectively presents arguments and counterarguments, and concludes with a strong stance on promoting country parks in Hong Kong.

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