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flung means to throw something or someone suddenly and with a lot of force.
cryptocurrency means a digital currency produced by a public network, rather than any government, that uses cryptography to make sure payments are sent and received safely.
wiry means (of people and animals) thin but strong, and often able to bend easily.
sprinting means a short and very fast race, such as the 100 metres, or the last part of a longer race that is run as fast as possible.
stretched means to spread over a long period of time.
advocates means someone who publicly supports something.
astonished means very surprised.
elfin means used to describe a person who is small and delicate.
emerge means to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something.
bedrock means the main principles on which something is based.
pulsing means to move or beat with a strong, regular rhythm.
rev means to increase the operating speed of an engine while the vehicle is not moving, usually to warm it to the correct temperature.
[imploring] means showing in a very sincere, emotional, and determined way that you want someone to do or not do something.
[rival] means to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else.
Page 2.
pollutants means a substance that pollutes.
handful means a small number of people or things.
primate means a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals, including humans, monkeys, and apes.
unfathomably means in a way that is impossible to understand.
dread means a strong feeling of fear or worry.
sociopolitical means used to describe the differences between groups of people relating to their political beliefs, social class, etc..
greed means a very strong wish to continuously get more of something, especially food or money.
upend means to push or move something so that the part that usually touches the ground is not touching the ground any more.
unencumbered means without something making it difficult for you to do something.
stranglehold means a position of complete control that prevents something from developing.
dystopian means relating to a very bad or unfair society in which there is a lot of suffering, especially an imaginary society in the future, or to the description of such a society.
pumped means to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully.
garish means unpleasantly bright.
pride means the belief that you are better or more important than other people.
evasion means the act of avoiding something or someone.
[peril] means great danger, or something that is very dangerous.
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veering means to change direction.
reliant means needing a particular thing or person in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed.
fidgets means to make continuous, small movements, especially if they do not have a particular purpose and you make them without meaning to, for example because you are nervous or bored.
darting means to look quickly at someone.
cachet means a quality that marks someone or something as special and worth respect and admiration.
unilateral means involving only one group or country.
irony means a situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result.
patina means something that makes someone or something seem to be something that they are not.
bask means to lie or sit enjoying the warmth especially of the sun.
reedy means (especially a voice) is thin and high and not pleasant to listen to.
sprawling means (of a city) covered with buildings across a large area, often ones that have been added gradually over a period of time.
utopian means relating to or aiming for a perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is happy.
[lumpy] means covered with or containing lumps.
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invade means to enter a country by force with large numbers of soldiers in order to take possession of it.
amid means in the middle of or surrounded by.
oligarchs means someone who is extremely rich and powerful, especially a person from Russia who became rich after the end of the former Soviet Union.
sprung means to appear suddenly.
fleeing means to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear.
ancestry means your ancestors who lived a long time ago, or the origin of your family.
advocacy means public support for an idea, plan, or way of doing something.
propaganda means information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people’s opinions.
sanctions means an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law.
lambasting means to criticize someone or something severely.
